Must Know About - Intestinal Tuberculosis

 



In addition to the lungs, the intestines can be impacted by tuberculosis. It affects the intestine's walls and is a chronic condition marked by tubercle deposits. Single tubercles, ulcerations, and clusters of tubercles are typical clinical symptoms. Its signs resemble those of Crohn's disease almost exactly. Any portion of the digestive system can be impacted by intestinal TB. The ileocecal region in the right upper quadrant is the area that is most frequently afflicted. The majority of GI TB cases occur in poor or undeveloped nations. HIV infections can infect people who have intestinal TB.


Three types of intestinal TB are distinguished:

Many superficial ulcers confined to the epithelial surface characterise the ulcerative type, which is a very active disease.

Hypertrophic form: They cause fibrosis and scarring by thickening the intestinal wall. It resembles a carcinoma and is stiff in appearance.

Combining ulcerative and hypertrophic forms, this condition is known as an ulcerhypertrophic form.


Causes

Primary and secondary diseases both contribute to intestinal TB. Direct ingestion of contaminated food may cause primary infection, whereas any other tubercular infection entering the bloodstream may cause secondary infection. Long-term pulmonary TB may result in gastrointestinal problems.

hemorrhagic spread

consuming contaminated sputum

spread from infectious and diseased lymph nodes

Transmission from infectious fallopian tubes


Symptoms

Continent pain

Diarrhea

other forms of constipation

Fever and abdominal distension

Loss of weight

intestine blockage

Fatigue

widespread abdominal pain

sweats at night


Diagnosis

Blood tests: They aid in identifying anaemia, increased transaminase levels, and ESR.

Skin tests with tuberculin are a common way to check for mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Biopsy: To determine the degrees of sensitivity and specificity, a polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, test is performed.

Radiographs: Abdominal imaging, upper GI series, barium enema, computed tomography, and abdominal ultrasonography are all performed.

Endoscopy and colonoscopy: These procedures involve a biopsy that is then sent for a culture test.


Treatment

Typically, it is challenging to distinguish between Crohn's disease and intestinal TB. Confirmation of abdominal TB is necessary prior to treatment. Cure requires ATT (Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment) for 6 to 9 months. Surgery at time may be needed to treat intestinal blockage.


We state that the information provided on the site is for educational purposes only, and does not substitute for professional medical advice.


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